This report covers our involvement in phytosanitary-related issues and research in the financial year 2016/17. It addresses actions planned in the 2016/17 project statement of the CFS-funded project entitled: Phytosanitary Measures and deliverables for Codes and Standards work related to phytosanitary issues. It captures our ongoing engagement with CFS, CFIA, and industry, and participation in the key phytosanitary forums including the International Forestry Quarantine Research Group (IFQRG) and the Canadian Forest Phytosanitary Working Group (CFPWG) as these two forums provide guidance to our research in the area.
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The key objective of this study is to analyze full-scale fire-resistance tests conducted on structural composite lumber (SCL), namely laminated veneer lumber (LVL), parallel strand lumber (PSL) and laminated strand lumber (LSL). A sub-objective is to evaluate the encapsulation performance of Type X gypsum board directly applied to SCL beams and its contribution to fire-resistance of wood elements.
The test data is being used to further support the applicability of the newly developed Canadian calculation method for mass timber elements, recently implemented as Annex B of CSA O86-14.
Glulam and CLT innovative manufacturing process and products development : effects of manufacturing parameters on the fire-resistance of CLT assemblies
This study was part of a broader project entitled Glulam and CLT Innovative Manufacturing Process and Product Development. The main objective of the current study is to evaluate the effect of CLT panels manufacturing parameters on its fire resistance. More specifically:
§ To evaluate the effect of CLT manufacturing (gluing) parameters on the heat delamination resistance under standard fire conditions;
§ To improve the fire-resistance of the CLT panels.
The objective of the study is to identify current and available solutions for improving the fire resistance of wood I-joists. After an analysis and comparison of these technologies, the most promising solutions will be presented which will be suggested to wood I-joist manufacturers for potential further investigation.
Wood I-joists
Fire Resistant - Joints
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The objectives of this study were:
1. Short term: to develop a protocol for monitoring acceleration time history responses of wood buildings to the wind load and to implement the first monitory system in the world into the Wood Innovation and Design Centre (WIDC) 6-storey wood frame building in Prince George Island, BC;
2. Long term: to pave the road of monitoring mid- to high-rise wood buildings, to develop a design guide for controlling wind-induced vibrations of tall wood buildings to increase the confidence of designers and the comfort of occupants. The measured acceleration responses along with the frequencies and damping ratios that will be obtained through the monitoring and testing the WIDC building research project, that has been funded by Forest Innovation Investment (FII), BC for 5 years, will be used to develop the design guide;
3. In addition, this work will benefit the seismic design of tall wood buildings. The seismic design of tall wood buildings requires dynamic analysis using some building models. The measured acceleration responses will be used to verify the dynamic analysis models.
The objective of this project was to update the JAFA, an innovative tool developed by FPInnovations aimed at providing valuable information for manufacturing finger jointed lumber in a continuous process.
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The main objective of this study is to evaluate the potential of a short horizontal joint profile for glulam and CLT producers through an industrial assessment.
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This report documents apparent/field impact insulation class (AIIC/FIIC) ratings and apparent/field sound transmission class (ASTC/FSTC) ratings for a large number of light-frame wood-joisted floors, cross-laminated timber floors (CLT), massive glulam floors, and a wood-concrete composite floor. The report includes various construction details involving finishings, membranes under finishings, toppings, underlayment materials for toppings, and drywall ceilings. This report also documents ASTC/FSTC ratings for some light-frame wood stud walls and CLT walls.
The AIIC/FIIC and ASTC/FSTC floor ratings were measured either in mock-up of two-story wood buildings, located in the structure laboratory in FPInnovations’ Quebec lab, or in wood buildings. The ASTC/FSTC wall ratings were measured in a mock-up of a side by side duplex of an FPInnovations member company, and its partner, or were measured in wood buildings. All measurements were performed in accordance with ASTM standard test methods for field sound insulation performance of floors and walls.
The informal subjective evaluation of field floors and walls by FPInnovations staff, and by occupants, revealed that, if a FSTC or FIIC rating is below 45, occupants could clearly hear sound generated by their neighbor’s normal activities. If a FSTC or FIIC rating is above 50, occupants could still hear "muffled" sound generated by their neighbor’s normal activities, but do not hear it as clearly. If a FSTC or FIIC rating is above 60, occupants could not hear any sound generated by their neighbor’s activities, except when there is a lightweight floor with a carpet. In that case, low frequency footsteps could be heard even if the FIIC was above 60.
Based on the findings from this study, it is concluded that, with proper design and onsite flanking control, wood buildings may achieve satisfactory sound insulation at a reasonable cost, as demonstrated in the report. It should be noted, however that:
§ most of the solutions presented in this report had a ASTC/FSTC or AIIC/FIIC rating above 45;
§ for light-frame wood-joisted floors, with good flanking control, to achieve FSTC/ASTC and FIIC/AIIC rating above 50, a decoupled drywall ceiling and a properly designed four-layer sandwich above the floor were required. The sandwich was composed of a finishing, membrane, topping, and underlayment;
§ for both 175mm CLT floors and 89 mm glulam floors without decoupled ceilings, to achieve FSTC/ASTC and FIIC/AIIC ratings above 50 is a challenge. It requires an intelligently designed four-layer sandwich topping on the CLT floors, and knowledge of the sound insulation performance of the finishing, membrane, topping, and underlayment, which is provided in this report. With a dropped acoustic ceiling, using acoustic hangers, it was relatively easy to achieve FSTC/ASTC and FIIC/AIIC ratings above 50;
§ a wood-concrete composite floor with a 100 mm thick heavy concrete slab bonded to a 89mm-wood deck can achieve FSTC/ASTC and FIIC/AIIC ratings above 50 quite easily, without requiring a dropped ceiling. Such composite floors were the simplest wood floor systems studied so far. The floor was composed of only four layers: the finishing, concrete, insulator, and wood slab, but it achieved satisfactory sound insulation. This is an attractive approach for sound insulation design of wood slab floors with wood exposed on the ceiling side.
However, it must be emphasized that:
§ when selecting a solution, a trade-off is required, which takes into account the sound insulation, material and labour costs, ease of installation, and impact on other performance aspects, such as those related to deformation, fire, thermal insulation, and structural integrity;
§ to successfully apply solutions provided in this report to building projects, there must be onsite quality control pertaining to flanking. The solutions cannot guarantee the same ratings if best practices are not followed;
§ best practices are comprised of three components: a) flanking control, b) field measurement of FSTC/ASTC and FIIC/AIIC ratings of floors and walls after a project is completed, c) subjective evaluations by promoters, developers, architects, engineers, and producers, using procedure provided in this report. If you do not like the sound insulation, you cannot expect occupants to like it either;
§ when using wood fibreboard as underlayment, caution should be used when selecting wood fibreboard. Its density and dynamic stiffness should be taken into account. Wood fibreboard products in the market vary greatly in terms of their density, dynamic stiffness, and their damping ratios. It is preferable to have a density higher than 3.5 kg/m2 and a dynamic stiffness lower than 90 MN/m3 for a 38mm concrete topping. For thicker and heavier toppings than the 38mm concrete topping, it is recommended to use thicker and heavier wood fiberboard with lower dynamic stiffness than that used for the 38mm concrete topping;
§ when using cementitious materials as topping materials, caution should be exercised. At the very least, their density, stiffness, and surface hardness should be known;
§ The ratings measured on the floors topped with 1.2 m by 1.2 m sandwich patches show trends pertaining to the effects of finishings, membranes, toppings, and underlayment materials on impact sound insulation. There is no quantifiable relationship between ratings of floors topped with 1.2 m by 1.2 m patches and the ratings of the same floors topped with full-size same patches. Therefore, ratings measured on floors with a 1.2 m by 1.2 m patch cannot be used to estimate the impact sound insulation performance of field floors fully covered with same patches;
§ The performance of various finishings, membranes, toppings, and underlayment materials studied and presented in this report is unbiased scientific data. There is no intention to promote or demote any product.
Further studies will be conducted to measure the acoustic properties of insulation materials in the market. Those studies will be used to guide the application of solutions described in this report.
L’objectif principal de ce projet était de caractériser la dégradation des revêtements acryliques pour le bois. Les objectifs spécifiques ont été comme suit:
1. Étudier la photodégradation/durabilité de différents types de revêtements acryliques par différents types de vieillissement;
2. Déterminer l’impact de l’épaisseur du film acrylique sur l’amélioration de la protection du bois extérieur.
Le présent projet avait pour objectif principal l’étude de la faisabilité de déposer des systèmes multicouches pour le bois (érable à sucre - Acer saccharum) par plasma. Les objectifs spécifiques étaient les suivants:
1. Déposition par pulvérisation magnétron de couches minces d’oxydes métalliques pour améliorer la résistance aux UV et les propriétés mécaniques du bois;
2. Déposition chimique en phase vapeur de couches minces pour améliorer l’hydrophobicité;
3. Bâtir et caractériser des systèmes multicouches pour la protection du bois.
