Assessment of agricultural residues as substrates for the production of cellulase enzymes and the ease of hydrolysis of these residues to fermentable sugars : final report
Biomass sampling and analysis play decisive roles in determining the characteristics and value of the woody biomass fuel used in bioenergy systems in Canada. Sampling and analysis standards help harmonize the procedures that are used to monitor biomass quality. Because there are no Canada- wide biomass sampling standards, facilities that produce and use woody biomass have developed and implemented in-house sampling procedures of varying degrees of complexity. Given that the use of woody biomass in Canada is predicted to increase, the ability to ensure the quality of biomass will become increasingly important in order to control costs and maximize system efficiency.
BIOMASS
Biofuels
Bioenergy
MOISTURE CONTENT
BULK DENSITY
Bark content
Contamination
ASH
Lignin
CARBOHYDRATES
EXTRACTIVES
Abstract
L’échantillonnage et l’analyse de la biomasse jouent un rôle décisif dans la détermination des caractéristiques et de la valeur des combustibles de biomasse ligneuse utilisés dans les systèmes de bioénergie au Canada. Les normes d’échantillonnage et d’analyse contribuent à harmoniser les méthodes utilisées pour évaluer la qualité de la biomasse. Il n’existe pas de normes d’échantillonnage pancanadiennes; les usines qui produisent ou utilisent la biomasse ligneuse ont donc élaboré et appliqué des méthodes d’échantillonnage maison de niveau de complexité variable. Comme on prévoit une augmentation de l’utilisation de la biomasse ligneuse au Canada, les compétences permettant de garantir sa qualité deviendront de plus en plus importantes pour limiter les coûts et maximiser l’efficacité des systèmes.
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Le présent document décrit les caractéristiques cruciales de la biomasse comme le format et la taille, la teneur en dumidité, la densité apparente, la teneur en feuillage/écorce, la contamination, la teneur en cendres, en lignine, en dydratesde carbone et en produitsd'extraction ainsi que la valeur calorifique pour les applications les plus courantes de production de bioénergie et de biocarburants : combustions directe, gazéification, pyrolyse, torréfacgtion, fermentation et densification. Le document est distiné aux professionnels de la foresterie, de la transformation du bois, des pâtes et papiers et de la biomasse qui cherchent de l'information de base sur ces caractéristiques essentielles.
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The current project was initiated to address the utilization of the lignin component obtained during the bioconversion of aspenwood wastes. This utilization is necessary for the economic viability of the whole conversion process. The lignin obtained from steam pretreatment has been suggested to be of low molecular weight, reactive, and offer great potential as a raw material for utilization. This is in contrast to the lignins from traditional pulping operations. However previous to this work, characterizati- on of lignin separated after steam pretreatment of aspenwood under varying conditions (with and without acidic catalysts), has not been undertaken to substantiate these widely held beliefs. Neither has anyone identified the production of the type of lignin most suitable for various applications. A prerequisite for utilization of this material, therefore, has been to undertake this necessary characterization. A major emphasis of the work during this first year has been placed on the establishment of the analytical capability required to achieve the above goals. Following discussions with other researchers, such as Glasser and Lewis (Virginia Tech.), Chum (SERI), etc. we are confident the analytical methodology we have in place for lignin characterization and the assessment of planned modification reactions is as good as any other laboratory in the world.
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