Eastern SPF producters experience an average value loss of $10 to $16/mbf due to drying degrade. A clear understanding of how wood characteristics influence warp will make it easier to effectively modify drying processes to reduce these losses. The goal of this study was to categorize green lumber according to its potential to warp, dry the lumber using a typical industrial kiln schedule and assess whether pieces that either warped or remained straight were correctly identified. Experimental material was a sample of 440 black spruce 8-foot 2x4's from four grain defect groups. These were : 1) control, no grain defects; 2) cross grain but no compression wood; 3) compression wood but no cross grain; and 4) both cross grain and compression wood. Methods used to select lumber with either a high or low potential to warp were successful. Warp was found to be related to the severity of compression wood and cross grain in each piece. Lumber without cross grain or compression wood dried with very little warp. Lumber with both cross grain and compression wood had the lowest quality after drying.
Two cubic meters of wood from different stems are not the same in terms of value and quality of the wood value and quality of the wood because the characteristics of a stem have a great influence on the value and the value and quality of the products that can be obtained from it. They also influence the costs of harvesting and harvesting and processing costs per cubic meter of wood.
Abstract
Deux mètres cubes de bois provenant de tiges différentes ne se ressemblent pas en termes de valeur et de qualité du bois car les caractéristiques d’une tige influent énormément sur la valeur et la qualité des produits que l’on peut en tirer. Elles influencent aussi les coûts de récolte et de transformation par mètre cube de bois.
The principal objective of this test series was to determine the performance from a physical security point of view of exterior swinging door assemblies available in the Canadian marketplace. The test conditions are described in the report.
The principal objective of this test series was to determine the performance from a physical security point of view of reinforced exterior cedar plank doors. The test conditions are described in the report.
