THIS REPORT DESCRIBES THE RESULTS OF A JOINT EFFORT BETWEEN FERIC AND THE TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY (DIVISION OF LAND AND FOREST RESOURCES) AND WAS PART OF THE ENFOR PROGRAM OF THE CANADIAN FORESTRY SERVICE. IT DESCRIBES THE PERFORMANCE OF A PROTOTYPE ROLL SPLITTER TO DEWATER THE STEMS OF THREE TREE SPECIES AND THE ENHANCEMENT BY AIR DRYING OF THE DEWATERING OF THE CRUSHED ITEMS. MECHANICAL COMMINUTION ENERGY DATA ARE PRESENTED.
Le trieur Pulpwood Sorter de Simco/Ramic a fait l'objet d'essais dans le but de déterminer s'il était capable d'extraire des copeaux sans écorce destinés à la pâte, à partir de copeaux produits en forêt et contenant des quantités connues d'écorce et d'autres débris. Les essais portaient sur quatre types de copeaux: des copeaux de feuillus provenant d'arbres entiers, des copeaux de résineaux provenant de troncs entiers, des copeaux de résineux provenant d'arbres entiers et des copeaux de feuillus produits par une ébrancheuse-écorceuse-déchiqueteuse à fléaux. Les résultats des essais donnent les proportions de copeaux acceptés et de résidus combustibles en pourcentage de l'approvisionnement total à l'entrée, et le rapport estime également le coût de triage par tonne métrique verte.
In 1997, FERIC, Alberta Research Council (ARC), Ainsworth Lumber Inc., and Daishowa-Marubeni International Ltd. conducted a study to determine the productivities and costs of various methods of managing logging debris in aspen cutblocks. Conventional roadside processing, two in-block processing treatments (intermediate skid and at-the-stump processing), and roadside processing with subsequent dispersal of slash into the block were assessed.
Debris management at logging sites and handling facilities is of increasing concern due to the volume of accumulated material and the constrained options for disposal. In March 2014, B.C. Timber Sales (BCTS) provided a timber sale on Maurelle Island that produced a large quantity of detached bark which originated from a 132-ha harvest area. Harvesting was during March 2014, and the predominant source of bark was from 41 150 m3 of Douglas-fir which accounted for approximately half the harvested volume (88 050 m3 total harvest volume). The bark accumulated at both a log storage area and on a transport barge during loading and unloading. The bark was disposed of along two dead-end spur roads (Figure 1). One of the spur roads has a small S6 stream (non-fish bearing) crossing through it. The disposal of logging debris (bark) along spur roads had not been considered or tried before by the Strait of Georgia Business Area of BCTS. The bark for Douglas-fir accounts for 30% by volume, which is the highest overall volume of bark for all softwood species (on average bark accounts for 10 to 15%).
Forest biomass is a source renewable energy allowing to reduce carbon emissions to the atmosphere. However, there is a variable period of time before bioenergy can be considered as carbo-neutral or beneficial in terms of carbon reduction. What is this time horizon required to obtain benefits to the atmosphere in terms of quantity carbon emissions avoided? This is what it will be question in this text, by taking the example of a heating project biomass led by the Forestry Cooperative by Petite Nation.
Abstract
La biomasse forestière est une source d’énergie renouvelable permettant de réduire les émissions de carbone à l’atmosphère. Toutefois, il y a une période de temps variable avant que la bioénergie puisse être considérée comme carbo-neutre ou bénéfique en termes de réduction de carbone. Quel est cet horizon de temps nécessaire pour obtenir des bénéfices à l’atmosphère en termes de quantité d’émissions de carbone évitées? Voilà ce dont il sera question dans ce texte, en prenant l’exemple d’un projet de chauffage à la biomasse mené par la Coopérative forestière de Petite Nation.
By 2020, Quebec will be prohibited from landfill of wood residues from construction from construction, renovation or renovation or demolition (CRD). It will be necessary to find a second life for the 700,000 metric tons of of CRD produced annually. The idea of using these residues as a source of energy source quickly comes to mind.
Abstract
D’ici 2020, il sera interdit au Québec d’enfouir les résidus de bois provenant de la construction, de la rénovation ou de la démolition (CRD). Il deviendra nécessaire de trouver une deuxième vie à ces 700 000 tonnes métriques anhydres de CRD produites annuellement. L’idée d’utiliser ces résidus comme source d’énergie vient vite à l’esprit.
The Mountain Alternative Silvicultural Systems (MASS) study is a multi-disciplinary, multi-agency project initiated both for silvicultural and social reasons. MacMillan Bloedel Limited, the Canadian Forest Service, and FERIC cooperated in the study, with participation by the University of Victoria and the University of British Columbia. Three alternative treatments representing a range of canopy removal levels - uniform shelterwood, green tree retention, and patch cutting - were implemented in the research area, located on the east coast of Vancouver Island. FERIC monitored the productivity and cost of the falling and forwarding operations, and measured site disturbance and coarse woody debris for each harvesting treatment. The results of FERIC's study are presented.
The composition (density, moisture content, piece-size, volume and pile profile) of full-tree logging residues left at roadside after the delimbing and topping operations was measured for both black spruce and jack pine stands. The performance of a modified prototype logging residue processor (LPR) which reclaimed and comminuted this material was also tested. Costs for the processed material loaded into a van for future conversion into energy and also for reclaiming the forest growing site under the roadside piles by spreading the comminuted residues over the cutover have been given.
This report discusses options for composting the fines component of residues produced at log sortyards, including composting the fines with a readily available and inexpensive nitrogen source like fish processing waste. Based on the B.C. Agricultural composting Handbook, FERIC calculated the sizing and capacity of a potential logyard fines composting facility. Costs associated with operating a composting site under various equipment ownership and utilization scenarios are presented.
The Forest Engineering Research Institute of Canada (FERIC) undertook a project for Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) to study the transportation of hog fuel from source to consumption site. In particular, FERIC gathered information from companies engaged in the supply, transportation, or use of hog fuel through direct visits or questionnaires. This report presents the types and costs of the various modes of transportation used—specifically truck, rail, and barge—and the advantages and disadvantages of each.
