Système de contrôle de la pression des pneus (TPCS)
Coûts
Performance
Abstract
Les systèmes de contrôle de pression (TPCS) ou de gonflement central des pneus (CTI) deviennent de plus en plus populaires dans les opérations forestières canadiennnes comme moyen d'accroître la mobilité des camions grumiers et de prolonger la saison de transport. Cependant, il existe très peu d'information quant à leurs coûts de possession et de fonctionnement. FERIC a observé les systèmes TPCS Redline-Eltek et TPCS Eaton durant une période de trois ans. L'étude portait sur 24 camions grumiers de configurations variées, localisés dans six endroits différents de l'ouest du Canada. Le rapport présente les coûts de possession et de fonctionnement des systèms TPCS pour ces 24 camions et décrit comment le taux d'utilisation du camion affecte les coûts de possession du TPCS et du camion.
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the tractive requirements of different configurations of log-hauling trucks and to recommend devices that will improve their tractive ability. Drawbar pull tests were conducted to determine the relative gradeabilities of a tandem drive-axle tractor configured with a pole, triaxle, and quadaxle trailer. The triaxle and quadaxle configurations require, respectively, 19 and 34% increases in tractive ability of they are to have gradeabilities equal to that of the pole-trailer configuration. Central tire inflation (CTI) and automatic slip regulation (ASR) are two promising devices for achieving such improvements.
The current project was initiated to address the utilization of the lignin component obtained during the bioconversion of aspenwood wastes. This utilization is necessary for the economic viability of the whole conversion process. The lignin obtained from steam pretreatment has been suggested to be of low molecular weight, reactive, and offer great potential as a raw material for utilization. This is in contrast to the lignins from traditional pulping operations. However previous to this work, characterizati- on of lignin separated after steam pretreatment of aspenwood under varying conditions (with and without acidic catalysts), has not been undertaken to substantiate these widely held beliefs. Neither has anyone identified the production of the type of lignin most suitable for various applications. A prerequisite for utilization of this material, therefore, has been to undertake this necessary characterization. A major emphasis of the work during this first year has been placed on the establishment of the analytical capability required to achieve the above goals. Following discussions with other researchers, such as Glasser and Lewis (Virginia Tech.), Chum (SERI), etc. we are confident the analytical methodology we have in place for lignin characterization and the assessment of planned modification reactions is as good as any other laboratory in the world.
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FERIC a réalisé deux essais dans le nord de l'Alberta en vue d'évaluer diverses méthodes de construction de routes temporaires d'accès en forêt, dans des régions où le gravier est rare et où prédominent les sols à texture fine. Les essais consistaient à comparer la performance des designs de routes Fossé-V, Surélévation de 0,5 m et Surélévation sur enracinement, construites avec et sans compactage. Le rapport résume les principales conclusions de l'étude aux fins d'utilisation comme référence dans la construction de routes.
Spruce Falls Inc. demanda a FERIC d' étudier deux debardeurs a grappin equipes de pneus larges et extra-larges afin de comparer leur productivite de meme que la perturbation du sol liee a leur utilisation. Le Timberjack 450C (figure 1) etait chausse de pneus extralarges de 68 po (173 cm) de largeur fabriques par Rubber Applicators Inc. Le John Deere 648 etait equipe de pneus de 50 po (127 cm) de largeur provenant de United Tire and Rubber Co. Ltd., pneus d'usage courant dans les operations de Spruce Falls. Comme les deux debardeurs possedaient par ailleurs Jes memes capacites, nous croyons que les differences observees etaient principalement attribuables a la difference de largeur entre les pneus. Le terrain etait plat et le drainage variait de frais a tres mouille. Les peuplements etaient composes surtout d' epinette noire avec une faible proportion de sapin et de tremble.
In early 1997, FERIC performed an operational evaluation of five onboard weigh scales for semi-trailers. The purpose of the study was to assess the scales in the field under normal operating conditions and as used by the drivers. The scales were based on load cells, pneumatic devices, or combinations thereof, and were intended for uses with either leaf-spring or air suspensions. Data were collected on the ease of use of the scales, their accuracies, and their short-term reliability, and were used to assess the suitability of the scales for in-woods use. The study found that four of the scales were consistently with the tolerance (1500 kg) accepted by the Ministère des Transports du Québec, which served as a reference.
FERIC conducted two trials in northern Alberta to evaluate alternative methods of constructing temporary forest access roads in areas where gravel is scarce and fine-grained soils predominate. The trials compared the performance of V-ditch, 0.5-m Lift, and o.5-m Lift-over-rootmat designs constructed with and without compaction. The report summarizes the key findings from the study for use as a road building reference.
