Recent work at FPInnovations within the Transformative Technologies program has focused on developing information to assist the Canadian Wood Preservation industry to transition to carbon-based preservation systems. One of the aims of the research is to identify ways of processing wood treated with carbon-based preservatives at the end of its service life. There is also concern regarding biodegradation of carbon-based preservatives during the service life leading to premature failure. This review summarizes what is currently known about the biodegradation of carbon-based actives and identifies knowledge gaps to guide future work in this area.